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GNDU QUESTION PAPERS 2021
BA/BSc 6
th
SEMESTER
ENGLISH (Compulsory)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 50
Note: Aempt Five quesons in all, selecng at least One queson from each secon. The
Fih queson may be aempted from any secon. All quesons carry equal marks.
1. Provide very short answers (any Three):
(i) Who was Marco and what was his profession?
(ii) How did Raju come to be known as Railway Raju?
(iii) Who was Velan and what was his domesc problem?
(iv) What do you say about the narrave of The Guide?
2. Write a note on Raju's transformaon into Swami.
Or
Comment on the tle of the novel 'The Suide'.
3. Provide very short answers (any Two):
(i) Describe old man Devizes atude towards the young.
(ii) Comment on the role of Gatson in Villa for Sale.
(iii) Give the character sketch of Al Smith.
4. Discuss 'Villa for Sale' as a hilarious comedy.
Оr
Discuss the theme of the play 'The Will in Twenty First Century.
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5. (A) Provide very short answers (any Two):
(i) Describe the mental state of the Whites aer the death of their son.
(ii) Why is Mrs. Meldon dressed in black ?
(iii) Give the locaon of the White's house.
(B) Comment on the theme and tle of the play Progress.
Or
Comment on the character of Mr. White in The Monkey's Paw
6. Write an essay on any One of the following topics:
(i) Covid crisis and its impact on society.
(ii) The Importance of Leisure.
(iii) Value of Games.
7. Provided very short answers (any Two):
(i) What does the telegram inform Mrs. Stevenson?
(ii) Comment on the role of Polly in No Eggs! No Eggs!
(iii) What does Joan ask Robert for?
8. Discuss Sorry Wrong Number as a Suspense play.
Or
Draw the character of Joan highlighng her naonalism.
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GNDU ANSWER PAPERS 2021
BA/BSc 6
th
SEMESTER
ENGLISH (Compulsory)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 50
Note: Aempt Five quesons in all, selecng at least One queson from each secon. The
Fih queson may be aempted from any secon. All quesons carry equal marks.
1. Provide very short answers (any Three):
(i) Who was Marco and what was his profession?
(ii) How did Raju come to be known as Railway Raju?
(iii) Who was Velan and what was his domesc problem?
(iv) What do you say about the narrave of The Guide?
Ans: (i) Who was Marco and what was his profession?
Marco was the husband of Rosie in the novel The Guide written by R. K. Narayan. He was a
serious, scholarly man whose real passion was studying history and ancient culture.
Professionally, Marco was an archaeologist. This means he traveled to different places to
study old ruins, temples, caves, and artifacts in order to learn about past civilizations.
Marco was not interested in social life or romance; instead, he lived in his own intellectual
world. His personality was cold and distant, especially toward Rosie. While Rosie loved
dance and artistic expression, Marco cared only about research. This difference in their
personalities eventually created emotional distance in their marriage and became an
important turning point in the story.
So, in short: Marco was an archaeologist who dedicated his life to historical research and
exploration.
(ii) How did Raju come to be known as Railway Raju?
Raju, the central character of The Guide, earned the nickname “Railway Raju” because his
life became closely connected with the railway station in the town of Malgudi. His father
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had a small shop near the station, and as a young boy, Raju helped there by interacting with
travelers.
Over time, Raju developed excellent communication skills. He was friendly, talkative, and
very good at understanding what people needed. Tourists began asking him for directions,
travel advice, and guidance about local attractions. Seeing an opportunity, Raju slowly
turned himself into a tourist guide—even though he had no formal training.
His constant presence at the station and his growing reputation made people automatically
associate him with the railway. Soon, everyone started calling him “Railway Raju,” a name
that reflected both his occupation and identity.
So, briefly: Raju was called Railway Raju because he worked as a guide for travelers at the
railway station and became famous for it.
(iii) Who was Velan and what was his domestic problem?
Velan was a simple, humble villager who played an important role in transforming Raju’s life
later in the novel. He first met Raju near an abandoned temple and mistakenly believed him
to be a holy man.
Velan’s domestic problem was related to his younger sister. She was stubborn and refused
to marry the man chosen by the family. This created tension at home because, in traditional
Indian society, marriage decisions often involve the entire family.
Velan approached Raju for advice, trusting his wisdom. Raju, at that time not truly a saint,
casually suggested that the girl be allowed some freedom and understanding. Surprisingly,
the problem was resolved, which strengthened Velan’s faith in Raju. From that moment,
Velan began to treat him as a spiritual guide.
In short: Velan was a villager troubled by his sister’s refusal to marry, and he sought Raju’s
help to solve the family conflict.
(iv) What do you say about the narrative of The Guide?
The narrative style of The Guide is one of the most fascinating aspects of the novel. It is not
told in a simple straight-line manner. Instead, the story moves back and forth between the
present and the past.
At one level, we see Raju as a man living near a temple, gradually being accepted as a saint.
At another level, through flashbacks, we learn about his earlier life—his childhood, his
career as a guide, his relationship with Rosie, and the mistakes that led him to prison.
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This dual narrative creates suspense. Readers slowly uncover how an ordinary man, full of
flaws, is transformed into a spiritual figure. The storytelling feels realistic because it reflects
how life itself is remembered—not in perfect order, but through memories.
Another striking feature is the psychological depth. We see Raju’s inner struggles, guilt, fear,
and eventual acceptance of responsibility. By the end, readers are left wondering whether
Raju truly becomes a saint or simply grows into one through circumstances.
So, briefly: The narrative of The Guide is non-linear, engaging, and psychologically rich,
blending past and present to show Raju’s remarkable transformation.
2. Write a note on Raju's transformaon into Swami.
Or
Comment on the tle of the novel 'The Suide'.
Ans: Raju’s transformation into Swami is one of the most fascinating and meaningful aspects
of the novel The Guide. It is not just the story of a man changing his profession or lifestyle; it
is the story of inner growth, self-realization, and the unexpected ways in which life shapes a
person. Raju does not begin as a saintly figure. In fact, his early life is filled with selfish
choices, mistakes, and moral confusion. Yet, by the end, he emerges as a spiritual guide—
almost against his own will.
At the beginning of the novel, Raju is known as “Railway Raju.” He is a clever and talkative
tourist guide who knows exactly how to attract visitors and earn money. He enjoys
attention, comfort, and the pleasures of life. Raju is not evil, but he is certainly not deeply
ethical either. He often exaggerates facts to impress tourists and does whatever benefits
him. His life takes a major turn when he meets Rosie, a neglected wife of an archaeologist,
Marco. Rosie is passionate about dance, but her husband does not respect her art. Raju
encourages her talent and gradually becomes deeply involved in her life.
This involvement leads to another stage of his transformation. Raju becomes Rosie’s
manager when she rises to fame as a dancer. At first, he appears supportive, but slowly
greed and possessiveness take over. He enjoys the wealth and status that come with Rosie’s
success. Instead of being satisfied, he becomes controlling and dishonest. Eventually, his
poor decisions lead him to forge Rosie’s signature, which results in his arrest and
imprisonment. This period marks the collapse of his former life. The charming guide who
once controlled everything now loses his freedom, reputation, and relationships.
Prison becomes an important turning point for Raju. Though it is a punishment, it also gives
him time to reflect on his life. For the first time, he is forced to slow down and think about
his actions. After his release, he does not return to his old world. Instead, he wanders
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aimlessly and reaches a quiet village near a river. Here begins the most unexpected phase of
his life.
The villagers mistake Raju for a holy man because of his calm appearance and thoughtful
manner. Initially, this is just a misunderstanding. Raju does not plan to become a Swami; he
simply goes along with it because it provides him with food, shelter, and respect. However,
something interesting happens over time. As villagers start sharing their problems with him,
Raju listens carefully and offers simple advice. Even if he started by acting, gradually he
begins to feel responsible for the people who trust him.
The real test of his transformation comes during a severe drought in the village. The
villagers believe that if Raju fasts and prays, rain will come. At first, he is terrified because he
knows he is not a true saint. He even considers escaping. But then he realizes that the
villagers have complete faith in him. Their hope rests on his actions. This realization
awakens a sense of duty within him that he had never experienced before.
As the fast continues, Raju’s struggle becomes both physical and spiritual. Hunger weakens
his body, but his mind grows stronger and clearer. For perhaps the first time in his life, he
does something not for personal gain but for others. Whether he truly becomes a saint or
simply grows into one through his actions is left open to interpretation. Yet, what matters is
that he finally acts selflessly.
Raju’s journey from a selfish tourist guide to a respected Swami shows that transformation
is always possible. Human beings are not fixed; they evolve through experiences, mistakes,
and reflections. His life teaches us that even flawed individuals can find redemption.
Sometimes, people become better not because they planned to, but because circumstances
push them toward responsibility and compassion.
In the end, Raju’s transformation is not just about changing how others see him—it is about
changing how he sees himself. He moves from deception to sincerity, from greed to
sacrifice. His story reminds us that true spiritual growth often begins when a person stops
thinking only about themselves and starts caring for the well-being of others.
Comment on the tle of the novel 'The Suide'.
Ans: The title “The Suicide” immediately captures the reader’s attention because it is
powerful, emotional, and slightly unsettling. A title is often the first doorway into a literary
work, and in this case, it prepares the reader for a story that deals with serious themes such
as despair, human struggle, social pressure, and the search for meaning in life. However, as
one begins to understand the deeper layers of the novel, it becomes clear that the title is
not just about the physical act of suicide—it symbolizes much more.
At the most basic level, the title points toward a moment of extreme human crisis. Suicide is
usually associated with hopelessness, loneliness, or a feeling that life has lost its value. By
choosing such a title, the author encourages readers to think about the emotional and
psychological state of the characters. It suggests that the story will explore what drives a
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person to such a breaking point. This immediately creates curiosity: What happened? Why
would someone feel this way? Could it have been prevented? These questions naturally pull
the reader into the narrative.
But the brilliance of the title lies in its symbolic meaning. Often in literature, “suicide” does
not only refer to ending one’s life; it can also represent the death of dreams, the loss of
identity, or the surrender of personal freedom. Many people, without realizing it, commit a
kind of “living suicide” by giving up their ambitions, suppressing their true selves, or
allowing society to control their choices. Through this lens, the title becomes a reflection on
modern life and human weakness.
Another important aspect of the title is its connection to society. Rarely does a person reach
such a tragic decision entirely alone. Social expectations, economic struggles, family
pressure, and fear of failure can all contribute to emotional collapse. Therefore, the title
may also serve as a silent criticism of a society that sometimes neglects compassion and
understanding. It makes readers question whether the tragedy belongs only to the
individual—or whether society shares the responsibility.
Interestingly, the title also creates a contrast between expectation and reality. When
readers see the word “suicide,” they might expect a completely dark and tragic story. Yet
many works with such serious titles actually contain moments of irony, satire, or social
commentary. This contrast can make the message even stronger. By presenting heavy
themes in an engaging narrative, the author encourages readers not just to feel sadness, but
also to think critically about human behavior.
From a psychological perspective, the title highlights the fragile nature of the human mind.
Every person faces challenges, but not everyone responds in the same way. Some fight
through difficulties, while others feel overwhelmed. The title reminds us that mental and
emotional health are just as important as physical health. It quietly encourages empathy—
after all, we never fully know the battles someone else may be fighting.
Moreover, the title can also be interpreted as a warning. It urges readers to recognize the
value of life and the importance of hope. Even in the darkest situations, literature often
suggests that understanding, communication, and support can make a difference. In this
way, the title is not merely tragic; it is thought-provoking and deeply human.
Stylistically, “The Suicide” is effective because it is short, direct, and unforgettable. Some
titles are decorative, but this one is striking in its simplicity. It refuses to hide behind
complex words and instead confronts the reader with a raw reality. Such clarity ensures that
the central theme remains fixed in the reader’s mind long after finishing the novel.
In conclusion, the title “The Suicide” is far more than a reference to a single act. It
represents emotional struggle, societal influence, psychological depth, and the universal
search for purpose. It challenges readers to reflect on life, compassion, and human
resilience. By choosing such a bold title, the author successfully prepares the reader for a
meaningful journey—one that is not only about tragedy but also about understanding the
delicate nature of the human experience.
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3. Provide very short answers (any Two):
(i) Describe old man Devizes atude towards the young.
(ii) Comment on the role of Gatson in Villa for Sale.
(iii) Give the character sketch of Al Smith.
Ans: (i) Describe Old Man Devizes’ Attitude Towards the Young.
Old Man Devizes is portrayed as a typical elderly person who feels disconnected from the
younger generation. His attitude towards the young is largely critical and somewhat
disapproving. He believes that young people lack discipline, patience, and respect for
traditional values. According to him, the youth are often careless, impulsive, and more
interested in pleasure than responsibility.
However, his perspective is shaped by his life experiences. Having lived through difficult
times, he values hard work, stability, and cautious decision-making. When he looks at the
younger generation, he compares their lifestyle with his own past and finds them less
serious about life. This creates a mental gap between him and the youth.
At the same time, his attitude is not entirely negative. Deep down, it reflects a common
generational conflict rather than hatred. Many older people feel that the world is changing
too fast and that young people are abandoning important traditions. Devizes represents this
mindset perfectly. He is not necessarily against young people, but he struggles to
understand their modern outlook.
In a broader sense, his character teaches us about the natural differences between
generations. Every generation believes its values are better, and this often leads to
misunderstanding. Old Man Devizes reminds readers that mutual respect and
understanding are necessary to bridge this gap.
In short, Old Man Devizes views the young as irresponsible and overly modern, but his
attitude mainly comes from his traditional beliefs and difficulty adapting to change.
(ii) Comment on the Role of Gaston in Villa for Sale.
Gaston is one of the most important and interesting characters in Villa for Sale. At first
glance, he appears lazy, uninterested, and even a little rude. He does not share his wife
Juliette’s excitement about buying a villa and seems completely indifferent to the idea.
While Juliette dreams of owning a beautiful house, Gaston prefers a quiet, comfortable life
without unnecessary expenses.
But as the story unfolds, we discover that Gaston is actually very clever and practical. He has
a sharp business mind and understands the value of money better than others. When an
unexpected opportunity arises, Gaston uses his intelligence to turn the situation in his favor.
He negotiates smartly and manages to secure a profitable deal without much effort.
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His role is crucial because he introduces humor as well as surprise into the play. Readers
initially underestimate him, just like the other characters do. Yet by the end, he proves to be
the smartest person in the room. This sudden reversal makes the story entertaining and
highlights the theme that appearances can be deceptive.
Moreover, Gaston represents practicality over emotional decision-making. While Juliette is
guided by desire and imagination, Gaston relies on logic. This contrast between the two
adds depth to the story and keeps the audience engaged.
In brief, Gaston plays the role of a practical and intelligent man who surprises everyone with
his smart negotiation skills, ultimately becoming the hero of the situation.
(iii) Give the Character Sketch of Al Smith.
Al Smith is depicted as a determined and hardworking individual with a strong personality.
He is someone who believes in perseverance and is not easily discouraged by difficulties. His
character reflects the spirit of dedication and self-confidence.
One of Al Smith’s most admirable qualities is his resilience. Instead of giving up when faced
with challenges, he continues to push forward. This shows that he possesses both courage
and inner strength. Such traits make him inspiring, especially for young readers who may
learn the importance of persistence from his example.
Another important aspect of his character is his practicality. Al Smith does not rely on luck;
rather, he trusts effort and careful planning. He understands that success requires patience
and commitment. His grounded approach to life makes him appear realistic and relatable.
Additionally, Al Smith demonstrates leadership qualities. People tend to respect individuals
who remain calm under pressure and continue striving toward their goals, and he fits this
description well. His personality suggests that true success comes not from shortcuts but
from consistent hard work.
From a thematic perspective, his character symbolizes hope and determination. He reminds
us that obstacles are a part of life, but with the right attitude, they can be overcome.
To sum up, Al Smith is a resilient, practical, and determined person whose strong will and
hardworking nature make him a memorable and inspiring character.
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4. Discuss 'Villa for Sale' as a hilarious comedy.
Оr
Discuss the theme of the play 'The Will in Twenty First Century.
Ans: The play Villa for Sale by Sacha Guitry is a delightful example of how humor can
emerge from ordinary human desires—love, money, marriage, and social status. At first
glance, the story appears simple: a widow wants to sell her villa, a buyer shows interest, and
a maid quietly observes everything. Yet, as the plot unfolds, it becomes clear that the play is
not really about property at all. Instead, it is about clever manipulation, romantic
expectations, and the amusing ways people try to shape their futures.
To understand why Villa for Sale is considered a hilarious comedy, imagine a situation where
everyone believes they are in control, but in reality, they are being gently guided by
someone else. This sense of dramatic irony—where the audience understands more than
the characters—creates laughter throughout the play.
The story revolves around a French widow who wishes to sell her beautiful villa. She is
practical and somewhat anxious about her financial situation, hoping that the sale will
secure her future. Enter a polite but slightly hesitant gentleman interested in buying the
property. Their conversation begins formally, almost like a typical business meeting.
However, what makes the situation funny is that the discussion soon drifts away from the
house and moves toward the possibility of marriage.
Here is where the humor begins to shine. The widow subtly realizes that instead of selling
the villa, marrying the buyer might be an even better solution. After all, marriage would
provide companionship and financial security without the trouble of moving. The audience
finds this amusing because the negotiation shifts from “price of the house” to “price of
companionship,” though no one states it directly.
Meanwhile, the maid plays a crucial role in making the play truly comedic. Often, in classic
comedies, servants are portrayed as sharper and more perceptive than their employers—
and this play follows that tradition beautifully. The maid observes the growing attraction
between the widow and the buyer and cleverly encourages it. Her comments and
suggestions are not forceful but subtle, making her influence both believable and funny.
One of the main reasons the play feels so humorous is its use of situational comedy. Instead
of relying on exaggerated jokes or slapstick humor, the laughter comes from natural
conversations and misunderstandings. For example, when the buyer seems more interested
in the widow than in the villa, the audience can sense what is happening even before the
characters fully admit it themselves. This creates anticipation, and when the realization
finally arrives, it feels both satisfying and amusing.
Another comedic element is the contrast in personalities. The widow is practical yet
romantic at heart, the buyer is cautious but clearly charmed, and the maid is intelligent and
quietly strategic. Their interactions create a rhythm of tension and release—serious topics
suddenly turn playful, and ordinary remarks carry hidden meanings.
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The language of the play is also an important source of humor. The dialogue is light, witty,
and full of double meanings. Characters often say one thing while implying another, which
makes the audience feel involved in the joke. This style keeps the mood cheerful and
prevents the story from becoming overly dramatic.
Beyond the laughter, Villa for Sale gently reflects on human nature. It reminds us that
people often look for emotional security just as much as financial stability. The widow’s
decision is not purely practical; it is also deeply human. She wants companionship, warmth,
and a sense of belonging. The buyer, too, seems to discover that a home is not just a
building—it is the person who lives inside it.
What makes the comedy especially effective is its realism. The characters behave like real
people rather than exaggerated figures. Because the situation feels possible in everyday life,
the humor becomes more relatable. Many viewers might recognize similar moments—when
a formal meeting turns unexpectedly personal, or when someone quietly steers events
toward a happy ending.
The conclusion of the play leaves the audience smiling. Instead of a simple business deal,
the story ends with the promise of a new relationship. The villa is no longer just property; it
becomes a symbol of a shared future. This warm resolution is typical of comedies, where
misunderstandings are cleared, desires are fulfilled, and harmony is restored.
In summary, Villa for Sale is a hilarious comedy because it combines clever dialogue, realistic
characters, and humorous situations. The play shows that comedy does not always need
loud jokes—it can arise from gentle irony, human hopes, and the unexpected turns of
everyday life. By transforming a property transaction into a romantic possibility, Sacha
Guitry creates a story that is both amusing and heartwarming.
Discuss the theme of the play 'The Will in Twenty First Century.
Ans: The play “The Will” presents a thoughtful exploration of human relationships, material
desires, moral values, and the true meaning of inheritance in the twenty-first century. At
first glance, the title might make us think the story is simply about property or wealth left
behind by someone after death. However, as the play unfolds, we realize that it is not really
about money or land—it is about people, their emotions, and the choices they make when
faced with temptation. The themes of the play feel especially relevant today, when society
is rapidly changing and material success often seems more important than personal values.
One of the central themes of the play is greed versus love. In many families, the question of
inheritance can bring hidden feelings to the surface. People who once appeared caring and
affectionate may suddenly become selfish when property is involved. The play shows how
the announcement of a will can test the strength of family bonds. Instead of mourning a
loved one or remembering their legacy, some characters focus only on what they will
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receive. This reflects a reality of modern life, where financial gain sometimes takes priority
over emotional connection.
At the same time, the play also emphasizes the importance of human values such as
honesty, kindness, and responsibility. Through its characters, it reminds us that wealth is
temporary, but character lasts forever. A person who inherits great riches but lacks
compassion may never find true happiness. On the other hand, someone who values
relationships and integrity becomes richer in a deeper, more meaningful way. This message
is particularly important in the twenty-first century, where success is often measured by
salary, possessions, or social status.
Another major theme is the idea of legacy. What do we really leave behind after we are
gone? Is it just money, or is it the impact we have on others’ lives? The play suggests that
the most valuable inheritance is not material property but the lessons, memories, and
principles we pass on. A will, therefore, becomes symbolic—it represents not only the
distribution of assets but also the final message of the person who wrote it. In this way, the
play encourages the audience to think about their own lives and the kind of legacy they
want to create.
The theme of family dynamics also plays a crucial role. Families are often seen as spaces of
unconditional love and support, yet conflicts can arise when expectations are not met. The
play realistically portrays misunderstandings, jealousy, and competition among relatives.
However, it also leaves room for hope by showing that self-realization and forgiveness are
possible. People can learn from their mistakes and rediscover the importance of unity.
In addition, the play reflects the changing social structure of the modern world. The
twenty-first century is marked by fast-paced lifestyles, individual ambitions, and shifting
priorities. Traditional joint families are becoming less common, and independence is valued
more than ever. Within this context, the will becomes more than a legal document—it
becomes a mirror that reveals how society has evolved. The play subtly questions whether
progress has made us wiser or simply more self-centered.
The theme of appearance versus reality is also significant. Some characters may appear
loving and trustworthy but are driven by hidden motives. Others, who seem less important
at first, may ultimately demonstrate genuine care. This contrast teaches us not to judge
people too quickly and to look beyond outward behavior.
Perhaps the most powerful message of the play is that true wealth lies in relationships, not
possessions. Money can provide comfort, but it cannot replace affection, trust, or respect.
By the end of the story, the audience is encouraged to reflect on what really matters in life.
Are we chasing things that will eventually fade, or are we nurturing bonds that will endure?
In conclusion, “The Will” is much more than a story about inheritance—it is a reflection of
modern society and the moral challenges people face today. Through themes of greed and
generosity, legacy and love, family conflict and reconciliation, the play reminds us to stay
grounded in our values. Its message is clear and timeless: while material wealth may divide
people, empathy and integrity have the power to bring them together. For students and
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readers alike, the play serves as a gentle reminder that the greatest inheritance we can give
or receive is a life guided by compassion and strong moral principles.
5. (A) Provide very short answers (any Two):
(i) Describe the mental state of the Whites aer the death of their son.
(ii) Why is Mrs. Meldon dressed in black ?
(iii) Give the locaon of the White's house.
Ans: (i) Describe the mental state of the Whites after the death of their son.
After their son Herbert dies in a tragic accident at the factory, the White family is completely
shattered. Imagine a house that was once full of laughter suddenly becoming silent and
heavy with grief — that is exactly what happens to them.
Mr. and Mrs. White fall into deep sorrow. They struggle to accept the reality that their
cheerful, loving son will never return. Their days become dull and meaningless, and their
nights are filled with painful memories. Mr. White tries to remain calm and practical, but
inside he is broken. He understands that nothing can change what has happened, yet the
pain never really leaves him.
Mrs. White, however, suffers even more intensely. A mother’s attachment to her child is
incredibly strong, and losing Herbert creates a wound that refuses to heal. She cries often,
cannot sleep properly, and keeps thinking about her son. The silence in the house reminds
her of his absence again and again.
Their mental state can best be described as a mixture of shock, grief, loneliness, and
helplessness. They feel cut off from the world, as if happiness has permanently left their
lives. This emotional suffering later pushes Mrs. White toward a desperate decision — one
that brings terrifying consequences.
(ii) Why is Mrs. Meldon dressed in black?
Mrs. Meldon is dressed in black because she is mourning the death of her husband.
Traditionally, black clothing is associated with grief and loss. People wear black to show
respect for the deceased and to express their sorrow without needing words.
Her appearance in black immediately signals that she has recently experienced tragedy. It
also sets a serious and emotional tone in the story. When readers notice such details, they
understand that death and suffering are important themes running through the narrative.
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Clothing in literature often acts like a silent language. Without directly saying it, the author
tells us that Mrs. Meldon is going through a painful period in her life. Just like the Whites
later experience deep mourning, Mrs. Meldon’s black dress reflects the universal human
experience of loss.
(iii) Give the location of the White's house.
The White family lives in a small, isolated house called Laburnam Villa. It is located far away
from the busy town, surrounded by emptiness and reached by a lonely road.
This setting is extremely important to the story’s atmosphere. Because the house stands in
such a remote place, it creates a feeling of vulnerability. When the wind blows or when
someone knocks unexpectedly at the door, the situation becomes much more frightening
than it would in a crowded neighborhood.
The isolation also symbolizes how ordinary people can suddenly find themselves facing
extraordinary and terrifying events. There are no close neighbors to help, no quick escape —
just the family alone with their fears.
W. W. Jacobs carefully chose this location to build suspense. The quiet surroundings make
every small sound noticeable, preparing the reader for the supernatural elements that
unfold later.
(B) Comment on the theme and tle of the play Progress.
Or
Comment on the character of Mr. White in The Monkey's Paw
Ans: The play “Progress” is a thought-provoking work that explores what it truly means for
society to move forward. At first glance, the title sounds very positive. When we hear the
word progress, we usually imagine growth, success, better technology, improved lifestyles,
and a brighter future. However, the play challenges this simple idea and asks an important
question: Is every kind of progress really beneficial for human beings? Through its
characters, situations, and conflicts, the play encourages the audience to reflect on the
difference between material advancement and true human happiness.
Theme of the Play
The central theme of Progress revolves around the impact of modernization on human
values and relationships. The play shows how people often become so focused on moving
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ahead—earning more money, building bigger homes, and adopting new technologies—that
they forget the importance of emotions, compassion, and moral responsibility.
One major idea highlighted in the play is the conflict between tradition and modernity.
Older generations usually value simplicity, patience, and close family bonds, while the
younger generation often seeks speed, efficiency, and independence. This difference
creates tension. The play does not suggest that change is bad; rather, it shows that blind
acceptance of change can lead to unexpected consequences.
Another important theme is alienation, or the feeling of being disconnected from others. As
society becomes more “advanced,” people sometimes grow emotionally distant. Neighbors
stop knowing each other, families spend less time together, and human interaction
becomes limited. The play subtly reminds us that progress should bring people closer, not
push them apart.
The playwright also touches upon social inequality. Progress is not always shared equally.
While some individuals enjoy comfort and luxury, others may struggle even more than
before. This contrast forces the audience to think about whether society is truly progressing
if only a few benefit from it.
Additionally, the play emphasizes the need for balance. Development in science, industry,
and lifestyle is necessary, but it should not come at the cost of humanity. True progress
must include ethical growth, kindness, and respect for others. Without these qualities,
advancement becomes empty.
Significance of the Title
The title Progress is simple yet deeply meaningful. Instead of celebrating progress blindly, it
almost works as a question—what kind of progress are we actually achieving?
On one level, the title reflects visible changes in society: improved infrastructure, new
inventions, and evolving social norms. But on another level, it carries a hint of irony. As the
story unfolds, the audience begins to notice that what appears to be progress may actually
lead to emotional loss, loneliness, or moral decline.
The playwright likely chose this title to make readers pause and think. It encourages us to
redefine progress not just as economic or technological growth but as overall human
development. A society cannot be called progressive if people lose their empathy, honesty,
and sense of community.
Moreover, the title is universal and timeless. Every generation believes it is progressing, yet
every generation faces new challenges. This makes the message of the play relevant even
today, in a world driven by rapid technological change.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Progress is not just a play about societal change; it is a mirror that reflects our
own lives. It teaches us that while moving forward is important, we must carefully examine
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the direction in which we are heading. Real progress should improve both our external
conditions and our inner character.
The theme reminds us to protect human values amid modernization, while the title urges us
to question our definition of advancement. Together, they deliver a powerful message:
progress is meaningful only when it makes us better human beings, not just more
successful ones.
Comment on the character of Mr. White in The Monkey's Paw
Ans: Mr. White is one of the most memorable characters in The Monkey’s Paw, a famous
supernatural short story written by W. W. Jacobs. Through his personality, actions, and
tragic experiences, the author shows how curiosity and human desire can sometimes lead to
terrible consequences. Mr. White is not a villain or a hero—he is an ordinary man whose
simple wish for a better life draws him into a frightening situation. Understanding his
character helps readers grasp the deeper message of the story: we should be careful about
what we wish for.
At the beginning of the story, Mr. White appears as a cheerful and loving family man. He
lives with his wife and son in a quiet home, and their small family enjoys spending time
together. He is playful and friendly, as seen when he plays chess with his son Herbert.
However, the chess game also symbolically reveals something about his personality—he
takes unnecessary risks. Even though he knows he is losing, he makes bold moves instead of
playing safely. This small detail hints that Mr. White is someone who may act without fully
thinking about the consequences.
Another important trait of Mr. White is his curiosity. When Sergeant-Major Morris tells the
family about the magical monkey’s paw that can grant three wishes, Mr. White becomes
deeply interested. Even after hearing that the paw brings misfortune and that its previous
owner wished for death, Mr. White still wants to see it. His curiosity overpowers his
common sense. This is a very human quality—many people are tempted by mysterious
opportunities, especially when they promise to improve life.
Mr. White is also somewhat dissatisfied with his current situation. Although his family is
happy, they are not wealthy. When Herbert jokingly suggests wishing for two hundred
pounds to pay off the house loan, Mr. White is hesitant at first. He senses that playing with
fate might be dangerous. Yet, the idea of financial relief is too attractive to ignore.
Eventually, he makes the wish. This shows that Mr. White is realistic but also vulnerable to
temptation. Like many ordinary people, he dreams of an easier life.
After the first wish is granted in the most tragic way—through Herbert’s death—Mr. White
undergoes a dramatic transformation. The cheerful father becomes a broken and grief-
stricken man. He is overwhelmed with guilt because he feels responsible for his son’s fate.
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This change highlights his emotional depth. Mr. White is not careless at heart; he truly loves
his family, and the loss destroys him.
In the later part of the story, we see another side of Mr. White—his fear and wisdom. When
Mrs. White insists on using the second wish to bring Herbert back to life, Mr. White is
terrified. He understands that disturbing the natural order can only lead to something
unnatural and horrifying. Unlike before, he no longer desires miracles. His earlier curiosity
has been replaced by dread. This shift shows that suffering has made him wiser, but
unfortunately, the lesson comes too late.
The climax reveals Mr. White’s courage. When someone knocks on the door after the
second wish, Mrs. White rushes to open it, believing their son has returned. Mr. White,
however, imagines the terrible state in which Herbert might appear—perhaps not truly alive
but something unnatural. Acting quickly, he makes the final wish before the door opens,
likely wishing Herbert back to the grave. This moment proves that Mr. White has learned
the importance of accepting reality, no matter how painful it is. It takes great strength to let
go of false hope.
Overall, Mr. White represents the ordinary human being. He is loving, curious, hopeful, and
flawed. His character teaches us that interfering with fate can bring unexpected suffering.
People often believe that getting what they want will make them happy, but sometimes
those wishes come with hidden costs. Through Mr. White’s journey—from curiosity to
regret—the story reminds readers to appreciate what they already have instead of chasing
dangerous shortcuts.
In conclusion, Mr. White is a deeply human character whose experiences carry a powerful
moral lesson. He begins as a lighthearted man seeking a small improvement in life but ends
as someone who understands the value of natural limits. His story encourages students and
readers alike to think carefully before desiring things beyond their control, because not
every wish leads to happiness.
6. Write an essay on any One of the following topics:
(i) Covid crisis and its impact on society.
(ii) The Importance of Leisure.
(iii) Value of Games.
Ans: (i) Covid Crisis and Its Impact on Society
Imagine waking up one morning and realizing the world has changed overnight. Streets are
empty, schools are closed, offices are silent, and people are told to stay indoors. That was
the reality of the Covid-19 crisis. It wasn’t just a health emergency—it was a social
earthquake that shook every corner of life.
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Health Impact
The most obvious effect was on health. Millions of people fell ill, and hospitals struggled to
keep up. Doctors and nurses became heroes, working day and night. At the same time, fear
spread faster than the virus. People worried about their loved ones, and many families
faced heartbreaking losses.
Education
Students suddenly found themselves learning through screens. Classrooms turned into
Zoom calls, and teachers had to reinvent their methods. While some students adapted
quickly, others struggled with poor internet connections or lack of devices. Education
became unequal, highlighting the gap between rich and poor.
Economy
Shops closed, factories stopped, and workers lost jobs. The economy slowed down
dramatically. Daily wage earners—like street vendors or construction workers—were hit the
hardest. On the other hand, industries like online shopping, digital payments, and delivery
services grew rapidly. It was a reminder that crises can destroy some opportunities but
create new ones too.
Social Life
Humans are social creatures, but Covid forced us into isolation. Festivals, weddings, and
gatherings were canceled. People missed hugs, handshakes, and face-to-face conversations.
Yet, technology stepped in—video calls became lifelines, and social media kept people
connected. Families spent more time together at home, rediscovering simple joys like
cooking or playing board games.
Psychological Impact
Loneliness, anxiety, and stress became common. The uncertainty of “when will this end?”
weighed heavily on minds. But it also taught resilience. People learned to cope, to value
mental health, and to appreciate small things—like a walk in the park or a phone call from a
friend.
Environmental Impact
Interestingly, lockdowns gave nature a break. Pollution levels dropped, rivers became
cleaner, and animals roamed freely in cities. It was as if the Earth was healing while humans
paused.
Lessons Learned
The Covid crisis showed us how fragile life can be, but also how strong communities can
become. It reminded us of the importance of healthcare, the need for empathy, and the
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power of science. Vaccines, developed in record time, proved that human innovation can
rise to the challenge.
(ii) The Importance of Leisure
Now, let’s shift gears. Imagine working nonstop—studying, attending classes, doing
chores—without a single break. You’d feel exhausted, right? That’s why leisure is so
important. Leisure is not laziness; it’s the fuel that keeps our minds and bodies running
smoothly.
What is Leisure?
Leisure means free time when you’re not working or studying. It could be reading a book,
listening to music, playing a sport, or simply daydreaming. It’s the pause button in the busy
movie of life.
Physical Benefits
Leisure activities often involve movement—like cycling, swimming, or dancing. These keep
the body fit and prevent health problems. Even simple relaxation, like stretching or walking,
helps reduce stress.
Mental Benefits
Leisure refreshes the mind. When you take a break, your brain gets a chance to recharge.
That’s why students who balance study with hobbies often perform better. Leisure sparks
creativity too—many great ideas are born when people are relaxed, not when they’re
stressed.
Social Benefits
Leisure brings people together. Playing cricket with friends, going on a picnic, or watching a
movie with family strengthens bonds. It creates memories that last longer than any exam
score.
Emotional Benefits
Leisure gives joy. Singing, painting, gardening—these activities make people happy.
Happiness is not a luxury; it’s essential for a balanced life. Leisure helps fight depression and
anxiety by giving people something to look forward to.
Misconceptions
Some people think leisure is a waste of time. But in reality, it’s an investment. Just like
machines need maintenance, humans need leisure to function well. Without it, burnout is
inevitable.
Balance
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Of course, too much leisure can lead to laziness. The key is balance—work hard, but also
rest well. Leisure is the art of living, not just surviving.
(iii) Value of Games
Finally, let’s talk about games. At first, games may seem like just fun activities. But they are
much more—they are teachers in disguise.
Physical Value
Games keep the body strong. Running, jumping, and exercising during play improve stamina
and fitness. They prevent obesity and lifestyle diseases. A healthy body is the foundation of
a successful life.
Mental Value
Games sharpen the mind. They teach strategy, quick thinking, and problem-solving. Chess
improves concentration, while outdoor games like football teach coordination. Even video
games, when played moderately, can enhance reflexes and decision-making.
Social Value
Games are social glue. They bring people together, teaching teamwork and cooperation. In
cricket, players learn to trust each other. In football, they learn to coordinate. Games break
barriers of age, class, and language—everyone can join in.
Moral Value
Games teach discipline, honesty, and fairness. They show that winning is not everything;
playing with integrity matters more. They also teach how to handle failure gracefully. Losing
a match is tough, but it builds resilience.
Emotional Value
Games bring joy and excitement. They reduce stress and give a sense of achievement.
Scoring a goal or winning a match boosts confidence. Even cheering for a team creates a
sense of belonging.
Educational Value
Games are practical lessons in life. They teach time management, leadership, and
responsibility. A captain learns to lead, a player learns to follow, and everyone learns to
respect rules.
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7. Provided very short answers (any Two):
(i) What does the telegram inform Mrs. Stevenson?
(ii) Comment on the role of Polly in No Eggs! No Eggs!
(iii) What does Joan ask Robert for?
Ans: (i) What does the telegram inform Mrs. Stevenson?
The telegram received by Mrs. Stevenson carries shocking and frightening news. It informs
her that her husband will not be able to come home as expected because something serious
has happened. In many interpretations of the story, the telegram creates a sudden sense of
danger and uncertainty. Imagine waiting for a loved one and instead receiving a short,
formal message that changes everything — that is exactly the emotional impact the
telegram has on Mrs. Stevenson.
Telegram messages were traditionally brief and direct, often used only for urgent matters.
Because of this, the arrival of a telegram immediately makes Mrs. Stevenson anxious. She
senses that something is wrong even before fully processing the words. The message
disrupts her normal routine and pushes her into a state of worry and helplessness.
More importantly, the telegram acts as a turning point in the narrative. It increases tension
and prepares the reader for the dramatic events that follow. Mrs. Stevenson becomes more
alert, emotionally fragile, and fearful. The telegram is not just a piece of information — it is
a trigger that deepens the suspense of the story and highlights her vulnerability.
In short: The telegram informs Mrs. Stevenson that her husband cannot return as planned,
and it fills her with fear and anxiety while setting the stage for the story’s tension.
(ii) Comment on the role of Polly in No Eggs! No Eggs!
Polly plays a small but meaningful role in No Eggs! No Eggs! Even though she is not the
central character, her presence helps us better understand the household situation and the
challenges faced by the family.
Polly represents practicality and everyday struggle. When the household faces the problem
of not having eggs — something that might seem minor but is actually important for meals
— Polly’s reactions reflect the frustration of managing a home with limited resources.
Through her character, the writer shows how small shortages can create stress and
arguments within a family.
Another important aspect of Polly’s role is that she adds realism to the story. Many readers
can relate to situations where essential items suddenly run out, causing inconvenience.
Polly’s behavior feels natural and believable, making the narrative more engaging.
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She may also provide moments of light humor or domestic tension, depending on how the
scene unfolds. Such characters help balance the story by preventing it from becoming too
serious while still keeping it relatable.
In short: Polly’s role is to highlight the everyday difficulties of household life. She brings
realism to the story and helps readers connect with the family’s situation.
(iii) What does Joan ask Robert for?
Joan asks Robert for emotional support, understanding, and reassurance. Her request is not
always about something material — it often reflects a deeper need for care and attention.
In the story, Joan appears to trust Robert enough to share her concerns or desires with him.
This shows that their relationship is important and that she sees him as someone
dependable. When a character asks another person for something sincerely, it usually
reveals their emotional state. Joan’s request suggests that she may be feeling uncertain,
hopeful, or even vulnerable.
From a broader perspective, this moment helps develop the relationship between the two
characters. It allows readers to see how they interact and what kind of bond they share.
Such interactions are essential in literature because they move the story forward while
revealing personality traits.
Joan’s request also reminds us of a universal human truth — everyone needs someone they
can rely on. Whether it is advice, help, or comfort, asking for support is a sign of trust.
In short: Joan asks Robert for reassurance and support, showing her trust in him and helping
to deepen their relationship within the story.
8. Discuss Sorry Wrong Number as a Suspense play.
Or
Draw the character of Joan highlighng her naonalism.
Ans: The Plot in Simple Words
The story revolves around Mrs. Stevenson, a wealthy, bedridden woman who spends most
of her time on the telephone. One evening, while trying to call her husband, she accidentally
overhears two men plotting a murder. They talk about killing a woman at 11:15 that night,
when a train passes by and the neighborhood is noisy enough to cover the sound.
Panicked, Mrs. Stevenson tries to alert the authorities. She calls the police, the operator,
and even a hospital, but nobody takes her seriously. Her frantic calls only highlight her
helplessness. As the play progresses, the audience realizes that the intended victim is none
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other than Mrs. Stevenson herself. The suspense builds until the final moment, when the
murderer enters her house, and the line goes dead.
Why It’s a Suspense Play
Suspense is all about keeping the audience hooked, uncertain, and anxious. Fletcher
achieves this through several techniques:
1. Isolation of the Protagonist
Mrs. Stevenson is alone, confined to her bed. She cannot move around or physically protect
herself. Her only connection to the outside world is the telephone. This isolation makes her
vulnerable, and the audience feels her fear more intensely because she has no escape.
2. Use of the Telephone
The telephone is both her lifeline and her trap. It allows her to overhear the murder plot,
but it also becomes a symbol of frustration—operators are busy, lines are crossed, and
people dismiss her pleas. The constant ringing and clicking of the phone add to the tension.
The audience knows that time is running out, but Mrs. Stevenson is stuck in a web of wires
and voices.
3. Dramatic Irony
The audience gradually realizes that Mrs. Stevenson herself is the target of the murder,
even before she does. This creates dramatic irony—when the audience knows more than
the character. It makes us want to shout, “Don’t you see? They’re coming for you!” But of
course, she doesn’t realize it until it’s too late.
4. Sound Effects
Since Sorry, Wrong Number was originally a radio play, sound was crucial. The ticking clock,
the hum of the telephone line, the distant train—all these sounds build atmosphere. They
remind the audience of the approaching time of the murder. Silence, too, is used
effectively—moments of quiet make the sudden noises more shocking.
5. Pacing
The play moves quickly, with Mrs. Stevenson making call after call. Each call raises the
tension because it ends in disappointment. The police are busy, the hospital can’t help, and
her husband is unavailable. The repetition of failed attempts makes the audience restless,
mirroring her desperation.
6. Climax
The climax is sudden and terrifying. The murderer enters her house, and the audience hears
her scream. Then the line goes dead. The abrupt ending leaves listeners stunned, with the
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horror echoing in their minds. Suspense doesn’t always resolve neatly; sometimes it shocks
us with its finality.
Themes in the Play
Suspense is not just about thrills—it also reveals deeper truths about society and human
nature.
• Helplessness of Individuals: Mrs. Stevenson represents the ordinary person who
feels powerless against crime and bureaucracy. Despite her wealth, she cannot
protect herself.
• Failure of Institutions: The police, operators, and hospital staff all fail to act. The
play criticizes how institutions sometimes ignore urgent pleas until it’s too late.
• Isolation in Modern Life: Even though Mrs. Stevenson is connected by telephone,
she is emotionally and physically isolated. Technology cannot replace human
presence.
• Irony of Wealth: She is rich, but her money cannot save her. Suspense grows from
the idea that danger can strike anyone, regardless of status.
Relatable Examples
To make it even clearer, think of suspense in everyday life. Imagine waiting for your exam
results. You know the time they’ll be announced, but as the clock ticks closer, your heart
races. You try refreshing the page, calling a friend, distracting yourself—but nothing works.
That anxious waiting is suspense.
Now, imagine that instead of exam results, it’s a murderer approaching your house. That’s
the kind of heightened suspense Fletcher creates. The audience feels the ticking clock, the
helpless waiting, and the dread of what’s coming.
The Play’s Legacy
Sorry, Wrong Number became so popular that it was later adapted into a film starring
Barbara Stanwyck. The radio play is still studied today because it’s a perfect example of how
to build suspense using sound, timing, and character psychology. It influenced later thrillers
and suspense dramas, proving that a simple idea can have lasting impact.
Conclusion
To sum up, Sorry, Wrong Number is a suspense play because it keeps the audience in a state
of tension and fear through isolation, sound effects, dramatic irony, and pacing. It’s not just
about a murder—it’s about helplessness, the failure of institutions, and the vulnerability of
individuals in modern society.
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Draw the character of Joan highlighng her naonalism.
Ans: Joan was born in a small village in France during a very troubled time. The country was
suffering greatly because of the long and destructive conflict known as the Hundred Years'
War between France and England. Large parts of France were under enemy control, people
were living in fear, and hope seemed almost lost. Most villagers simply prayed for safety—
but Joan dreamed of something bigger: the freedom of her nation.
From a very young age, Joan showed signs of extraordinary determination. Unlike many
others, she refused to accept that France should remain defeated. She believed strongly
that her country deserved independence and dignity. According to historical accounts, she
felt a divine calling urging her to help France recover its rightful place. Whether one views
these visions as spiritual or symbolic, they clearly fueled her patriotism and gave her
unmatched confidence.
What makes Joan’s nationalism so remarkable is that she was not trained as a soldier, nor
was she born into royalty. She was just a peasant girl. Yet her love for France erased all
boundaries of class, gender, and expectation. At a time when women rarely stepped into
public leadership—especially in military matters—Joan boldly approached the French
prince, Charles VII of France, and convinced him that she could help save the nation.
Imagine the courage required for a teenage girl to stand before powerful nobles and speak
with such certainty!
Joan’s actions demonstrated that nationalism is not merely about words—it is about
sacrifice and service. She cut her hair short, dressed in armor, and joined the battlefield, not
for personal glory but for her homeland. Her presence inspired tired and discouraged
soldiers. Many accounts describe how troops who had nearly lost hope suddenly found
strength when Joan led them forward with her banner held high.
One of her greatest achievements came during the crucial Siege of Orléans. The city was on
the verge of falling to English forces, which would have been a devastating blow to France.
Joan motivated the army to fight with renewed energy, and against all odds, the French
forces succeeded in lifting the siege. This victory was not just military—it was emotional and
symbolic. It restored confidence across the country and proved that France could still stand
strong.
Joan’s nationalism was not aggressive or selfish; it was rooted in unity and hope. She
wanted her people to live peacefully in their own land, free from foreign domination. Her
vision of France was not only political but also deeply moral—she believed her mission was
to bring justice and rightful leadership back to the nation.
However, true patriotism often demands sacrifice, and Joan’s story is no exception. She was
eventually captured by enemies, put on trial, and accused of crimes she did not truly
commit. Despite facing immense pressure and fear, she did not betray her beliefs or deny
her mission. Even in her darkest moments, Joan remained loyal to France. This unwavering
commitment shows the depth of her nationalism—it was stronger than her fear of death.
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Joan’s life teaches us that nationalism is not about power; it is about devotion. She did not
fight for wealth, fame, or recognition. Instead, she fought because she believed her country
was worth saving. Her courage united people, changed the direction of a war, and turned
her into a lasting symbol of patriotic strength.
In conclusion, the character of Joan shines as a perfect example of nationalism driven by
faith, bravery, and selflessness. She proved that even an ordinary person can achieve
extraordinary things when guided by love for their nation. Her story reminds students that
true patriotism involves responsibility, courage, and the willingness to stand up for what is
right—even when the odds seem impossible. Joan of Arc was not just a warrior; she was the
heartbeat of a struggling nation, and her legacy continues to inspire generations around the
world.
“This paper has been carefully prepared for educaonal purposes. If you noce any
mistakes or have suggesons, feel free to share your feedback.”
